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Diairesis (Ancient Greek: διαίρεσις, romanized: diaíresis, "division") is a form of classification used in ancient (especially Platonic) logic that serves to systematize concepts and come to definitions. When defining a concept using diairesis, one starts with a broad concept, then divides this into two or more specific sub-concepts ...
Both the fallacy of division and the fallacy of composition were addressed by Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations.. In the philosophy of the ancient Greek Anaxagoras, as claimed by the Roman atomist Lucretius, [6] it was assumed that the atoms constituting a substance must themselves have the salient observed properties of that substance: so atoms of water would be wet, atoms of iron would be ...
The Philosophy Research Index was established as an indexing database containing bibliographic information on philosophical publications in several western languages. It contained listings for a range of philosophical publications, including books, anthologies, scholarly journals, dissertations, and other documents. [ 7 ]
Philip Goff is a British author, idealist philosopher, and professor at Durham University whose research focuses on philosophy of mind and consciousness. [1] Specifically, it focuses on how consciousness can be part of the scientific worldview.
Alfred Tarski, Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics: Papers from 1923 to 1938, 1956/1983; William Kneale and Martha Kneale, The Development of Logic, 1962; Saul Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic", 1963; Donald Davidson, "Truth and Meaning", 1967; Willard Van Orman Quine, Philosophy of Logic, 1970/1986; David K. Lewis ...
Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. [1] The field of ethics, along with aesthetics , concern matters of value , and thus comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology .
The Twin Earth thought experiment was one of three examples that Putnam offered in support of semantic externalism, the other two being what he called the Aluminum-Molybdenum case and the Beech-Elm case. Since the publication of these cases, numerous variations on the thought experiment have been proposed by philosophers.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [1] [2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism, myth) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument. [3]