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This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. ( May 2016 ) Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo , are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth.
Fetal electroencephalography, also known as prenatal EEG includes any recording of electrical fluctuations arising from the brain of a fetus. Doctors and scientists use EEGs to detect and characterize brain activity, such as sleep states, potential seizures, or levels of a coma .
It is an abnormal interictal pattern, consisting of high amplitude and irregular waves and spikes in a background of chaotic and disorganized activity seen on electroencephalogram (EEG), and frequently encountered in infants diagnosed with infantile spasms, although it can be found in other conditions such as tuberous sclerosis.
A neonatal seizure is a seizure in a baby younger than age 4-weeks that is identifiable by an electrical recording of the brain. [1] It is an occurrence of abnormal, paroxysmal, and persistent ictal rhythm with an amplitude of 2 microvolts in the electroencephalogram,. [2]
Hormones and pregnancy issues. Hormonal changes and pregnancy can shift seizure activity and the use of antiepileptic drugs can alter the efficacy of hormones as well as cause congenital malformations in fetuses. [24] Seizure control in pregnant women is very important to the welfare of both the developing fetus and the mother.
Although children with benign infantile epilepsy typically have a normal EEG between seizures, some infants have been found to have a characteristic abnormal EEG during sleep. Called benign infantile focal epilepsy with midline spikes and waves during sleep, these infants have few seizures and there may often be a family history. [4]
In addition to identifying a core list of disorders that infants in the United States should be screened for, the ACMG also established a framework for nominating future conditions, and the structure under which those conditions should be considered. Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) - added in 2009 [3]
Ohtahara syndrome (OS), also known as Early Infantile Developmental & Epileptic Encephalopathy (EIDEE) [2] is a progressive epileptic encephalopathy.The syndrome is outwardly characterized by tonic spasms and partial seizures within the first few months of life, [3] and receives its more elaborate name from the pattern of burst activity on an electroencephalogram (EEG).