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Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase c {\displaystyle c} : [ 2 ]
It is a dimensionless quantity with dimension of / and dimensionless unit of moles per mole (mol/mol or mol ⋅ mol −1) or simply 1; metric prefixes may also be used (e.g., nmol/mol for 10 −9). [5]
It is also equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density (ρ): = = The molar volume has the SI unit of cubic metres per mole (m 3 /mol), [ 1 ] although it is more typical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole (dm 3 /mol) for gases , and cubic centimetres per mole (cm 3 /mol) for liquids and solids .
One lb-mol is equal to 453.592 37 g‑mol, [6] which is the same numerical value as the number of grams in an international avoirdupois pound. Greenhouse and growth chamber lighting for plants is sometimes expressed in micromoles per square metre per second, where 1 mol photons ≈ 6.02 × 10 23 photons. [7]
0.1 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 0.15 grain per dscf when corrected to a gas having a specified reference CO 2 content of 12 volume %. Notes: Although ppmv and grains per dscf have been used in the above examples, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, grams per dscm and many others may also be used.
In water solutions containing relatively small quantities of dissolved solute (as in biology), such figures may be "percentivized" by multiplying by 100 a ratio of grams solute per mL solution. The result is given as "mass/volume percentage". Such a convention expresses mass concentration of 1 gram of solute in 100 mL of solution, as "1 m/v %".
The mole fraction is defined as the amount of a constituent (in moles) divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture : x i = n i n t o t . {\displaystyle x_{i}={\frac {n_{i}}{n_{\mathrm {tot} }}}.}
gram-mole per hour: gram-moles per hour: mmol/s: Mole (unit) g-mol/min: g‑mol/min: 1/60: gram-mole per minute: gram-moles per minute: g-mol/s: Mole (unit) g-mol/s: g‑mol/s: 1: gram-mole per second: gram-moles per second: lb-mol/min: Mole (unit) gmol/d: gmol/d: 1/86400: gram-mole per day: gram-moles per day: μmol/s: Mole (unit) gmol/h: gmol ...