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The term is usually used in the context of clothes. In general, clothing should be tested for colour fastness before using bleach or other cleaning products. [3] Lightfastness, wash fastness, and rub fastness are the main forms of colour fastness that are standardized. The light fastness of textile dye is categorized from one to eight and the ...
AATCC published its first four color fastness test methods in 1923. 1964. AATCC built and moved into the Technical Center in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina in 1964. 1965. AATCC began conducting test method training programs in 1965. Durable press testing was the most popular training initially offered at the Technical Center. 1966
Textile testing assists textile production in selecting various types of fibers and their transformation into yarn, fabric, and finished goods such as clothing. The materials are evaluated at multiple stages of production to qualify, compare, and standardize to meet the norms of different production stages and consumer requirements .
A modern umbrella fabric has specific requirements for colour fastness to light, water and wet rubbing, and permeability. Serviceability in textiles or Performance is the ability of textile materials to withstand various conditions, environments, and hazards.
For example, if the lightfastness of the colourant is indicated to be 5 on the Blue Wool scale, it can be expected to fade by a similar amount as the strip number 5 in the Blue Wool test strip set. The success of the test can be confirmed by comparing the test strip set with the reference set that was stored protected from the light. [12] [13]
A rating between 0 and 8 is awarded by identifying which one of the eight strips on the bluewool standard card has faded to the same extent as the sample under test. [4] [5] Zero denotes extremely poor colour fastness whilst a rating of eight is deemed not to have altered from the original and thus credited as being lightfast and permanent.
Cotton is an absorbent fibre which responds readily to colouration processes. Dyeing is commonly carried out with an anionic direct dye by completely immersing the fabric (or yarn) in an aqueous dyebath according to a prescribed procedure. For improved fastness to washing, rubbing, and light, other dyes such as vats and reactives are commonly ...
Acid dyes are anionic, soluble in water and are essentially applied from acidic bath. These dyes possess acidic groups, such as SO3H and COOH and are applied on wool, silk and nylon when ionic bond is established between protonated –NH2 group of fibre and acid group of dye. Overall wash fastness is poor although lightfastness is quite good ...