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Comparative religion; History of religions; Philosophy of religion; Psychology of religion; Sociology of religion; Sometimes, theology and religious studies are seen as being in tension, [77] and at other times, they are held to coexist without serious tension. [78] Occasionally it is denied that there is as clear a boundary between them. [79]
The relationship between theology and philosophy has been long-debated and discussed within the Christian tradition. Tertullian, an influential early Christian theologian and apologist, believed that philosophy has little to do with theology, arguing that the use of philosophy often corrupted theology, leading to unorthodox beliefs that were not grounded in the early Christian tradition.
The Reality of Faith: A Way Between Protestant Orthodoxy and Existentialist Theology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans) Macquarrie, John (1957). An Existentialist Theology: A Comparison of Heidegger and Bultmann (New York: The Macmillian Company) Martin, Bernard (1963). The Existentialist Theology of Paul Tillich (New Haven: College and University Press)
The theology of religions is the branch of theology (mostly represented by Christian, Hindu, Islamic and Jewish theology [1]) and religious studies that attempts to theologically evaluate the phenomena of religions. Three important schools within Christian theology of religions are pluralism, inclusivism, and exclusivism, which describe the ...
Biblical theology is the study of the Bible's teachings as organic developments through biblical history, as an unfolding and gradual revelation, with increasing clarity and definition in the latter books, and embryonic and inchoate in form in the earlier books of the Bible. [3]
As early as 1845 the Protestant theologian and historian Philip Schaff discussed them in his The Principle of Protestantism. [2] They were utilized by the Lutheran scholar F. E. Mayer in his The Religious Bodies of America in order to facilitate a comparative study of the faith and practice of Christian denominations in the United States. [3]
The philosophy of religion has been distinguished from theology by pointing out that, for theology, "its critical reflections are based on religious convictions". [9] Also, "theology is responsible to an authority that initiates its thinking, speaking, and witnessing ...
Theistic rationalism is a hybrid of natural religion, Christianity, and rationalism, in which rationalism is the predominant element. [1] According to Henry Clarence Thiessen, the concept of theistic rationalism first developed during the eighteenth century as a form of English and German Deism. [2]