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Pacta sunt servanda [1] ("agreements must be kept.") is a brocard and a fundamental principle of law which holds that treaties or contracts are binding upon the parties that entered into the treaty or contract. [2] It is customary international law. [3]
Article 26 defines pacta sunt servanda, that agreements must be kept; Article 53 defines jus cogens, peremptory norm; Article 62 defines Fundamental Change of Circumstance, which determines the validity or invalidity of a treaty; and Article 77 defines depositary, the organisation or person who holds a multilateral treaty.
Clausula rebus sic stantibus comes from Latin (where rebus sic stantibus is Latin for "with things thus standing" or, more idiomatically, "as things stand").. A key figure in the formulation of clausula rebus sic stantibus was the Italian jurist Scipione Gentili (1563–1616), who is generally credited for coining the maxim omnis conventio intelligitur rebus sic stantibus ('every convention is ...
The School of Salamanca played a great role in the diffusion of the contractual consensualism. If this idea was already admitted in canon law since the 12th Century and the application of the principle pacta sunt servanda, the civil law only followed this way in the 16th century [24] after the call of famous jurists like Luis de Molina. [25]
Nevertheless, all valid treaties must comply with the legal principle of pacta sunt servanda (Latin: "agreements must be kept"), under which parties are committed to perform their duties and honor their agreements in good faith.
Pacta sunt servanda "Agreements are to be kept." Contracts are the law or contracts establish obligations (between those who sign them). Par in parem non habet imperium "Equals have no sovereignty over each other." Prior tempore potior iure "Earlier in time, stronger in right." "The law favors those who establish their rights earlier rather ...
Article 5 lists some of the fundamental aspects of the rule of law which the state is bound to observe, including the principles of obedience to law, proportionality, good faith and, due to pacta sunt servanda, respect for international law.
The 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, commonly abbreviated as UUD 1945 or UUD '45) is the supreme law and basis for all laws of Indonesia.