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Khanates and khaganates were organised tribally, where leaders gained power on the support and loyalty of their warrior subjects, [3] gaining tribute from subordinates as realm funding. [6] In comparison to a khanate, a khaganate, the realm of a khagan , was a large nomadic state maintaining subjugation over numerous smaller khanates. [ 7 ]
The four divisions each pursued their own interests and objectives and fell at different times. Most of the western khanates did not recognize Kublai as Great Khan. Although some of them still asked Kublai to confirm the enthronement of their new regional khans, [5] the four khanates were functionally independent sovereign states. [6]
The Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Goryeo tied with marriages as Mongol princesses were married to Korean Kings, while Mongol Emperors took many Korean women as concubines. A Korean woman called the Empress Gi became an empress through her marriage with Ukhaantu Khan, and her son, Biligtü Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, became a Mongol Khan.
The Yarkent Khanate, also known as the Yarkand Khanate [1] and the Kashghar Khanate, [2] was a Sunni Muslim Turkic state ruled by the Mongol descendants of Chagatai Khan.It was founded by Sultan Said Khan in 1514 as a western offshoot of Moghulistan, itself an eastern offshoot of the Chagatai Khanate.
The Turkic word orda means 'palace', 'camp' or 'headquarters', in this case the headquarters of the khan, being the capital of the khanate, metonymically extended to the khanate itself. The English word horde, in the sense of a large (and often threatening) group, emerged later, metaphorically extended from the reputation of the Mongol hordes.
The full title of the Crimean khans, used in official documents and correspondence with foreign rulers, varying slightly from document to document during the three centuries of the Khanate's existence, was as follows: "By the Grace and help of the blessed and highest Lord, the great padishah of the Great Horde, and the Great State, and the ...
Arabic Muslim sources called this dynasty al-Khaqaniya ("That of the Khaqans") or al Muluk al-Khaniyya al-Atrak (The Khanal kings of the Turks). In his linguistic treatise Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk , Mahmud al-Kashgari , a native-born Karakhanid, listed two endonyms: "Khāqānī Turks" or just "Turks", [ 16 ] the latter he also used to denote ...
In addition, the Catalan Atlas of 1375 refers to the area corresponding to Chagatai Khanate as "Imperium Medorum", a possible alternate name of "Imperium Medium". [17] In addition to the Latin sources mentioned above, Ibn Battuta records in Arabic that "His country [is in] the middle between the four of the powerful kings on the earth, i.e ...