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The forces acting on a body add as vectors, and so the total force on a body depends upon both the magnitudes and the directions of the individual forces. [ 23 ] : 58 When the net force on a body is equal to zero, then by Newton's second law, the body does not accelerate, and it is said to be in mechanical equilibrium .
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
As the membrane potential changes, this results in changes in electrostatic forces, moving these voltage-sensing domains. This changes the conformation of other elements of the channel to either the open or closed position. [8] When they move from the closed position to the open position, this is called "activation."
The movement of an ideal joint is generally associated with a subgroup of the group of Euclidean displacements. The number of parameters in the subgroup is called the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the joint. Mechanical linkages are usually designed to transform a given input force and movement into a desired output force and movement.
In the temporomandibular joint, the initial mouth opening occur by rotation, within the inferior cavity of the joint. [14] The TMJ rotates around a fixed axis within the condyle, with no antero-inferior translation. [14] The maximum jaw opening with this rotation movement is indicated as 'R' on the Posselt's envelope of motion.
In partner dancing, an open position is a position in which partners are connected primarily at the hands. The connection is through the hands, wrists, and fingers, and relies heavily on frame and the compression and tension of both partners' arms. This is as opposed to a closed position, where partners are in closer body contact. [1]
The solution of these equations of motion provides a description of the position, the motion and the acceleration of the individual components of the system, and overall the system itself, as a function of time. The formulation and solution of rigid body dynamics is an important tool in the computer simulation of mechanical systems.
Degrees of freedom problem – Multiple ways for multi-joint objects to realize a movement; Euler angles – Description of the orientation of a rigid body; Geometric terms of location – Directions or positions relative to the shape and position of an object; Ship motions – Terms connected to the six degrees of freedom of motion