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Two strains of the bacterium are associated with the farmer. One strain serves as a food source and the other strain serves as a symbioant that produces beneficial secondary metabolites. The main genetic difference between these two strains is a mutation of the global activator gene called gacA. This gene plays a key role in gene regulation ...
A P1-derived artificial chromosome, or PAC, is a DNA construct derived from the DNA of P1 bacteriophages and Bacterial artificial chromosome.It can carry large amounts (about 100–300 kilobases) of other sequences for a variety of bioengineering purposes in bacteria.
Phytotoxicity describes any adverse effects on plant growth, physiology, or metabolism caused by a chemical substance, such as high levels of fertilizers, herbicides, heavy metals, or nanoparticles. [1] General phytotoxic effects include altered plant metabolism, growth inhibition, or plant death. [2]
The introduction of an ice-minus strain of P. syringae to the surface of plants would incur competition between the strains. Should the ice-minus strain win out, the ice nucleate provided by P. syringae would no longer be present, lowering the level of frost development on plant surfaces at normal water freezing temperature – 0 °C (32 °F).
Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella.As a plant pathogen, it can infect a wide range of species, and exists as over 50 different pathovars, [2] all of which are available to researchers from international culture collections such as the NCPPB, ICMP, and others.
F. oxysporum strains are ubiquitous soil inhabitants that have the ability to exist as saprophytes, and degrade lignin [11] [12] and complex carbohydrates [13] [14] [1] associated with soil debris. They are pervasive plant endophytes that can colonize plant roots [ 15 ] [ 16 ] and may even protect plants or form the basis of disease suppression.
The bacterium can't penetrate the host plant without an entry point such as a wound. Factors leading to wounds in plants include cultural practices, grafting, freezing injury, growth cracks, soil insects, and other animals in the environment causing damage to the plant.
Unique to the S strains is the production of aflatoxin G1 and G2 which typically are not produced by A. flavus. [4] The L strain is more aggressive than the S strain, but produces less aflatoxin in culture. The L strain also has a more acidic homoeostatic point and produces less sclerotia than the S strain under more limiting conditions. [9]