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Spruce broom rust or yellow witches' broom rust is a fungal plant disease caused by the basidiomycete fungus known as Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli.It occurs exclusively in North America, with the most concentrated outbreaks occurring in northern Arizona and southern Colorado on blue and Engelmann spruce, as well as in Alaska on black and white spruce. [2]
Chrysomyxa ledicola is a plant pathogen responsible for the disease large-spored spruce-Labrador tea rust. It affects white spruce, black spruce, Sitka spruce, Engelmann spruce, and Labrador-tea. [1] It is also the cause of the orange goo that covered the Iñupiat village of Kivalina, Alaska in the summer of 2011. [2]
Dutch elm disease is a pathogen spread by beetles that devastated American elm, other native elms are more resistant; Thousand cankers disease is a fungus carried by a beetle that infests black walnut; Oak wilt is a fungal pathogen spread by sap beetles that infects oaks; Beech bark disease is a fungus carried by a scale insect that infests ...
Dibotryon morbosum or Apiosporina morbosa is a plant pathogen, which is the causal agent of black knot. [1] [2] It affects members of the Prunus genus such as; cherry, plum, apricot, and chokecherry trees in North America. The disease produces rough, black growths that encircle and kill the infested parts, and provide habitat for insects.
Fungal diseases; Alternaria diseases: black spot (leaf, stem, or pod spots) Alternaria spp. Alternaria brassicae Alternaria brassicicola Alternaria raphani. Anthracnose: Colletotrichum higginsianum: Black leg and Phoma root rot Leptosphaeria maculans Phoma lingam [anamorph] Black mold rot Rhizopus stolonifer: Black root (Aphanomyces ...
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., the white spruce, [4] is a species of spruce native to the northern temperate and boreal forests in Canada and United States, North America.. Picea glauca is native from central Alaska all through the east, across western and southern/central Canada to the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario and south to Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin ...
The white spruce is less susceptible to budworm attack but can experience extreme defoliation during severe outbreaks. [23] Young white spruce and black spruce trees that had been transplanted to cleared areas became infested with dozens of late-stage larvae during severe outbreaks in north-central Ontario. [24]
Understory reinitiation: Trees die from low-level mortality, such as windthrow and diseases. Individual canopy gaps start to appear and more light can reach the forest floor. Hence, shade-tolerant species can establish in the understory. Old-growth: Main canopy trees become older and more of them die, creating even more gaps.