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The diagram to the right depicts a simplified call flow for a successful submission of a mobile-originated Short Message (SM). [ 1 ] When the subscriber sends a Short Message, the handset sends the text message over the air interface to the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) / Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) .
This GSM service estimates the call cost for display on the user's mobile phone. [1] This helps users by preventing bill shock [2] and reduces the load on the mobile network operator's customer service department. However, in practice, this GSM service is rarely used because the calculation is more complex than the standard allows.
CAMEL Phase 1 defined only very basic call control services, but introduced the concept of a CAMEL Basic call state model (BCSM) to the Intelligent Network (IN). Phase 1 gave the gsmSCF the ability to bar calls (release the call prior to connection), allow a call to continue unchanged, or to modify a limited number of call parameters before allowing it to continue.
This permits rich call-related services to be developed. Some of the first such services were call management related, call forwarding (busy and no answer), voice mail, call waiting, conference calling, calling name and number display, call screening, malicious caller identification, busy callback. [7]: Introduction xx
Roaming is one of the fundamental mobility management procedures of all cellular networks.Roaming is defined [2] as the ability for a cellular customer to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services, including home data services, when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of the home network, by means of using a visited network.
The MSC sets up and releases the end-to-end connection, handles mobility and hand-over requirements during the call and takes care of charging and real-time prepaid account monitoring. In the GSM mobile phone system, in contrast with earlier analogue services, fax and data information is sent digitally encoded directly to the MSC.
Cell Broadcast messaging was first demonstrated in Paris in 1997. Some mobile operators used Cell Broadcast for communicating the area code of the antenna cell to the mobile user (via channel 050), [5] for nationwide or citywide alerting, weather reports, mass messaging, location-based news, etc. Cell broadcast has been widely deployed since 2008 by major Asian, US, Canadian, South American ...
Intra-MSC GSM Handover Call Flow Archived September 22, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Inter-MSC GSM Handover Call Flow Archived September 22, 2020, at the Wayback Machine U.S. patent 3,663,762 : Cellular Mobile Communication System — Amos Edward Joel (Bell Labs), filed December 21, 1970, issued May 16, 1972