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A power diagram is a type of Voronoi diagram defined from a set of circles using the power distance; it can also be thought of as a weighted Voronoi diagram in which a weight defined from the radius of each circle is added to the squared Euclidean distance from the circle's center. [15] The Voronoi diagram of points in -dimensional space can ...
However, spherical geometry was not considered a full-fledged non-Euclidean geometry sufficient to resolve the ancient problem of whether the parallel postulate is a logical consequence of the rest of Euclid's axioms of plane geometry, because it requires another axiom to be modified.
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter.
The considerations made in the previous section give a proof that the caustic of a circle with light source on the perimeter of the circle is a cardioid. If in the plane there is a light source at a point on the perimeter of a circle which is reflecting any ray, then the reflected rays within the circle are tangents of a cardioid.
In geometry a conoid (from Greek κωνος 'cone' and -ειδης 'similar') is a ruled surface, whose rulings (lines) fulfill the additional conditions: (1) All rulings are parallel to a plane, the directrix plane. (2) All rulings intersect a fixed line, the axis. The conoid is a right conoid if its axis is perpendicular to its directrix ...
In plane geometry, a lune (from Latin luna 'moon') is the concave-convex region bounded by two circular arcs. [1] It has one boundary portion for which the connecting segment of any two nearby points moves outside the region and another boundary portion for which the connecting segment of any two nearby points lies entirely inside the region.
In geometry, a normal is an object (e.g. a line, ray, or vector) that is perpendicular to a given object. For example, the normal line to a plane curve at a given point is the line perpendicular to the tangent line to the curve at the point. A normal vector of length one is called a unit normal vector.
In mathematics, a plane is a two-dimensional space or flat surface that extends indefinitely. A plane is the two-dimensional analogue of a point (zero dimensions), a line (one dimension) and three-dimensional space. When working exclusively in two-dimensional Euclidean space, the definite article is used, so the Euclidean plane refers to the ...