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The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.
The list of national coordinate reference systems (CRS) lists map projections officially recommended for existing countries.Given that every projection gives deformations, each country's needs are different in order to reduce these distortions.
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).
Coordinate System Type Geographic Datum European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (EPSG ID 4258) Spheroid GRS 1980 (EPSG ID 7019) Semi-Major Axis 6378137.000 Semi-Minor Axis 6356752.314140 Inverse flattening 298.257222101 Prime Meridian Greenwich PM Units Decimal Degree, 0.01745329251994328
They are also known as local ellipsoidal system, [1] [2] local geodetic coordinate system, [3] local vertical, local horizontal coordinates (LVLH), or topocentric coordinates. It consists of three coordinates : one represents the position along the northern axis, one along the local eastern axis, and one represents the vertical position .
Earth rotates while the ECI coordinate system does not. Earth-centered inertial ( ECI ) coordinate frames have their origins at the center of mass of Earth and are fixed with respect to the stars. [ 1 ] "
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly. [2] [3] A rotation of axes is a linear map [4] [5] and a rigid transformation.