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The deuterium isotope effect has become an important tool in the elucidation of the mechanism of chemical reactions. Deuterium contains one proton, one electron, and a neutron, effectively doubling the mass of the deuterium isotope without changing its properties significantly.
The exchange reaction can be followed using a variety of methods (see Detection). Since this exchange is an equilibrium reaction, the molar amount of deuterium should be high compared to the exchangeable protons of the substrate. For instance, deuterium is added to a protein in H 2 O by diluting the H 2 O solution with D 2 O (e.g. tenfold ...
Deuterated DMSO is produced by heating DMSO in heavy water (D 2 O) with a basic catalyst such as calcium oxide.The reaction does not give complete conversion to the d 6 product, and the water produced must be removed and replaced with D 2 O several times to drive the equilibrium to the fully deuterated product.
Deuterated acetone is prepared by the reaction of acetone with heavy water, 2 H 2 O or D 2 O, in the presence of a base. In this case, the base used is deuterated lithium hydroxide : [ 1 ] In order to fully deuterate the acetone, the process is repeated several times, distilling off the acetone from the heavy water, and re-running the reaction ...
Deuterated benzene will undergo all the same reactions its normal analogue will, just a little more slowly due to the kinetic isotope effect. For example, deuterated benzene could be used in the synthesis of deuterated benzoic acid , if desired:
For example, reaction with chloral hydrate gives deuterated chloroform, [3] and reaction with N-nitrosodimethylamine gives the deuterated analog of that compound. [4] [full citation needed] Sodium deuteroxide is an ionic compound, consisting of sodium cations Na + and deuteroxide anions − OD (or − O 2 H).
In physical organic chemistry, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. [3] Formally, it is the ratio of rate constants for the reactions involving the light ( k L ) and the heavy ( k H ) isotopically substituted reactants ...
Deuterated chloroform, also known as chloroform-d, is the organic compound with the formula CDCl 3.Deuterated chloroform is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. [2] The properties of CDCl 3 and ordinary CHCl 3 are virtually identical.