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United States Light-Duty Vehicle, Light-Duty Truck, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicle—Tier 2 Exhaust Emission Standards (for Bin 5) [4] Component Emission Rate Annual pollution emitted NMOG (Volatile organic compounds) 0.075 grams/mile (0.046 g/km) 2.1 pounds (0.95 kg) Carbon Monoxide 3.4 grams/mile (2.1 g/km) 94 pounds (43 kg) NO X
A cold start is an attempt to start a vehicle's engine when ambient temperatures are much lower than its normal operating temperature. [1] A cold start can be difficult for an engine due to higher viscosity of oil and fuel in cold temperatures.
Ice accumulated on the wire destroys the circular symmetry of the wire, and the natural up-and-down "singing" motion of a wire changes the angle of attack of the iced wire in the wind. For certain shapes, the variation in lift across the different angles is so large that it excites large-scale oscillations.
An automobile starter motor (larger cylinder). The smaller object on top is a starter solenoid which controls power to the starter motor and engages the Bendix drive.. A starter (also self-starter, cranking motor, or starter motor) is a device used to rotate (crank) an internal-combustion engine so as to initiate the engine's operation under its own power.
A sewer pipe is normally at neutral air pressure compared to the surrounding atmosphere.When a column of waste water flows through a pipe, it compresses air ahead of it in the system, creating a positive pressure that must be released so it does not push back on the waste stream and downstream traps, slow drainage, and induce potential clogs.
Electric vehicles' batteries don’t work as efficiently in the cold, and regulating cabin temperature can gobble up a lot of power, depending on a model's HVAC. Electric vehicle owners face the ...
During extreme cold events, you may hear a loud boom and feel like you have experienced an earthquake. However, this event was more likely a cryoseism, also known as an ice quake or a frost quake ...
The weighting factors are 0.43 for the cold start and transient phases together and 0.57 for the hot start phase. [citation needed] Though it was originally created as a reference point for fossil fuelled vehicles, the UDDS and thus the FTP-75, are also used to estimate the range in distance travelled by an electric vehicle in a single charge. [7]