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William Caxton (pictured centre-right), whose translation of Aesop's Fables was a probable source for the tale. A probable source of the tale is Petrus Alfonsi's Disciplina clericalis, which has the same three motifs: the rash promise of the husbandman; the wolf mistaking the moon for cheese; and the wolf that descends into the well via a bucket, thereby trapping himself and freeing the fox. [1]
The first printed version of Aesop's Fables in English was published on 26 March 1484, by William Caxton. [82] Many others, in prose and verse, followed over the centuries. In the 20th century Ben E. Perry edited the Aesopic fables of Babrius and Phaedrus for the Loeb Classical Library and compiled a numbered index by type in 1952. [83]
Most Greek accounts make the animal a fox who appeals to a woodman. In the Latin poem of Phaedrus the hunted animal is a hare (lepus) who appeals to a herdsman. Later Latin versions mistake the name and make the animal a wolf (lupus). [2] It was therefore told of a wolf in the earliest printed collections of Aesop's fables in the 15th century.
William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat and writer. He is thought to be the first person to introduce a printing press into England in 1476, and as a printer to be the first English retailer of printed books.
William Caxton tells a very much amplified story of the rats that are the cat's victims. These hold a council and make the decision to stay off the floor and keep in the rafters. The cat then hangs himself from a hook and pretends to be dead, but the rats are not deceived. [1]
The stories are largely concerned with the main character Reynard, an anthropomorphic red fox, trickster figure. His adventures usually involve his deceiving other anthropomorphic animals for his own advantage, or trying to avoid their retaliatory efforts. His main enemy and victim across the cycle is his uncle, the wolf, Isengrim (or Ysengrim).
There are different versions of the story, sometimes involving a wolf contemplating the broken head of a statue. [3] Its earliest English appearance is in William Caxton 's collection of the fables (1484), under the title of "The wulf and the dede man's hede", as an example of the proposition that 'Many one ben whiche haue grete worship and ...
03 The Cock and the Fox; 04 The Confession of the Tod; 05 The Trial of the Tod; 06 The Sheep and the Dog; 07 The Lion and the Mouse; 08 The Preaching of the Swallow; 09 The Fox the Wolf and the Cadger; 10 The Fox the Wolf and the Husbandman; 11 The Wolf and the Wether; 12 The Wolf and the Lamb; 13 The Paddock and the Mouse