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The economies of both countries were already weak as a result of decades of cold-war politics, colonialism, civil war and drought. The war exacerbated these problems, resulting in food shortages. Prior to the war, much of Eritrea's trade was with Ethiopia, and much of Ethiopia's foreign trade relied on Eritrean roads and ports. [101]
The Tigray war [b] was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020 [a] to 3 November 2022. [44] [45] It was a civil war [46] that was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between forces allied to the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other.
After two years of shifting alliances and conflicts, TPLF and the Ethiopian government signed a peace treaty in Pretoria on 2 November 2022. However, sporadic civil conflicts continued such as the Gambela unrest, OLA insurgency, and War in Amhara, the latter two carried out by OLA and Fano militants against the federal government.
The Ethiopian Civil War left at least 1.4 million people dead, with 1 million related to famine and the remainder from violence and conflicts, which was one third of the population. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] It also had impacts on land and agriculture: the reversal of the former feudal system and implementation of nationalized reforms led peasants to lose ...
The Second Civil War [4] was executed by the EPLF against the ELF in a bid to protect the flanks of the Front under tremendous pressure from a resurgent Ethiopia. In 1980, the ELF had entered into secret negotiations with the Soviet Union to end the war.
Ethiopia Eritrea Independence War 1961–1993; Eritrean War for Independence; Comparative Study Between Yemeni-Eritrean Ways of Documentation in Arbitration Over Red Sea South Islands 52 - Yemen Times December 27 through January 2, 2000, Vol IX; Connell, Dan Eritrea-Ethiopia War Looms, Foreign Policy in Focus 21 January 2004
On 4 November 2020, Ethiopia with other regional militias and forces began war with Tigray government. Further Eritrean involvement in the war had tense animosity towards Eritrea amongst Tigrayans. On 29 November 2020, the Times reported TPLF claims that Eritrea was "wading into the conflict by deploying troops against them".
The Mekelle offensive was a military campaign fought at the start of the Tigray War between the national armed forces of Ethiopia and the Tigray Region.The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) launched an offensive aimed at seizing the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) controlled regional capital of Mekelle starting on 17 November 2020.