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In a later development, Hochschild distinguished between two broad types of emotion work, and among three techniques of emotion work. [6] The two broad types involve evocation and suppression of emotion, while the three techniques of emotion work that Hochschild describes are cognitive, bodily and expressive. [6] [7]
The sociologist Arlie Hochschild provided the first definition of emotional labor, which is displaying certain emotions to meet the requirements of a job. [1] The related term emotion work refers to displaying emotions you don't feel within the private sphere of one's home or interactions with family and friends .
Arlie Russell Hochschild (/ ˈ h oʊ k ʃ ɪ l d /; born January 15, 1940) is an American professor emeritus of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley [1] and writer. Hochschild has long focused on the human emotions that underlie moral beliefs, practices, and social life generally.
Hochschild draws on the work of sociologist Erving Goffman as well as labor scholar Harry Braverman to discuss the dramaturgical demands and emotional labor entailed by jobs in the service sector, in which workers must "perform" certain roles that entail abiding by certain feeling rules (e.g. "friendly and dependable"). She notes that women are ...
The book is an expansion on theoretical concepts that Hochschild first described in 1979. [2] Using Goffman's dramaturgical theory, she describes how different social situations have different emotional norms. When a person's feelings do not fit the norms of the situation, people engage in practices to bring them into agreement through a ...
Arlie Russell Hochschild defined emotional labor and how it can make you feel estranged from yourself. This type of labor requires you to be in a good state of mind and feeling while in the work environment despite any problems you may be going through. [ 6 ]
Coined after Arlie Hochschild's 1989 book, the term "second shift" describes the labor performed at home in addition to the paid work performed in the formal sector. In The Second Shift , Hochschild and her research associates "interviewed fifty couples very intensively" and observed in a dozen homes throughout the 1970s and 1980s in an effort ...
The core of the book is Hochschild's attempt to distill the worldview of Tea Party supporters, who formed part of the same constituency that heavily backed Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. According to Hochschild, Tea Party supporters have reacted against the changing face of America in the last few decades.