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The 1983 discovery of a Neanderthal hyoid bone—used in speech production in humans—in Kebara 2 is almost identical to that of humans, which could suggest Neanderthals were capable of speech. Still, it is not possible to accurately reconstruct the entire vocal tract with just the hyoid.
Kebara 2 was the first Neanderthal specimen for which the hyoid bone was preserved, a bone found in the throat and closely related to the vocal tract. Its anatomy was virtually identical to a modern one, leading the excavators to controversially suggest that Neanderthals had at least part of the physical requirements for speech.
In veterinary anatomy, the term hyoid apparatus is the collective term used to refer to the bones of the tongue—a pair of stylohyoidea, a pair of thyrohyoidea, and unpaired basihyoideum [21] —and associated, upper-gular connective tissues. [22] In humans, the single hyoid bone is an equivalent of the hyoid apparatus. [23]
A Neanderthal was buried 75,000 years ago, and experts painstakingly pieced together what she looked like. The striking recreation is featured in a new Netflix documentary, “Secrets of the ...
Anatomically, the Neanderthal hyoid bone (which supports the tongue) is almost identical to that in modern humans, but this does not provide insight of the entire vocal tract. [195] Neanderthals had the FOXP2 gene, which is associated with speech and language development, but not the modern human variant. [196]
The bones were determined to be up to 47,500 years old. Until now, the oldest Homo sapiens remains from northern central and northwestern Europe were about 40,000 years old.
Living among a small band of Neanderthals in what is now eastern Spain was a child, perhaps 6 years old, with Down syndrome, as shown in a remarkable fossil preserving traits in the inner ear ...
H. naledi anatomy indicates that, although they were capable of long-distance travel with a humanlike stride and gait, they were more arboreal than other Homo, better adapted to climbing and suspensory behaviour in trees than endurance running. Tooth anatomy suggests consumption of gritty foods covered in particulates such as dust or dirt.