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The concept of productive matrix was developed by the economist Wassily Leontief (Nobel Prize in Economics in 1973) in order to model and analyze the relations between the different sectors of an economy. [1] The interdependency linkages between the latter can be examined by the input-output model with empirical data.
More generally, there are d! possible orders for a given array, one for each permutation of dimensions (with row-major and column-order just 2 special cases), although the lists of stride values are not necessarily permutations of each other, e.g., in the 2-by-3 example above, the strides are (3,1) for row-major and (1,2) for column-major.
The Keynes–Ramsey rule is named after Frank P. Ramsey, who derived it in 1928, [3] and his mentor John Maynard Keynes, who provided an economic interpretation. [ 4 ] Mathematically, the Keynes–Ramsey rule is a necessary first-order condition for an optimal control problem, also known as an Euler–Lagrange equation .
[2] [3] Here is a numerical example: Incremental unit discount: Units 1–100 cost $30 each; Units 101–199 cost $28 each; Units 200 and up cost $26 each. So when 150 units are ordered, the total cost is $30*100 + $28*50. All units discount: an order of 1–1000 units costs $50 each; an order of 1001–5000 units costs $45 each; an order of ...
Robert Hall was the first to derive the effects of rational expectations for consumption. His theory states that if Milton Friedman’s permanent income hypothesis is correct, which in short says current income should be viewed as the sum of permanent income and transitory income and that consumption depends primarily on permanent income, and if consumers have rational expectations, then any ...
In econometrics, as in statistics in general, it is presupposed that the quantities being analyzed can be treated as random variables.An econometric model then is a set of joint probability distributions to which the true joint probability distribution of the variables under study is supposed to belong.
An allocation is a pair (,) where and , i.e. is the 'matrix' (allowing potentially infinite rows/columns) whose ith column is the bundle of goods allocated to consumer i and is the 'matrix' whose jth column is the production of firm j. We restrict our attention to feasible allocations which are those allocations in which no consumer sells or ...
Econometrics is an application of statistical methods to economic data in order to give empirical content to economic relationships. [1] More precisely, it is "the quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference."