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The DES encryption used in NTLMv1 and MS-CHAPv2 to encrypt the NTLM password hash enable custom hardware attacks utilizing the method of brute force. [7] As of 2012, MS-CHAP had been completely broken. The divide-and-conquer attack only requires breaking a single DES key, which is not difficult with modern GPUs and FPGAs. [8]
Hardware-based encryption is the use of computer hardware to assist software, or sometimes replace software, in the process of data encryption. Typically, this is implemented as part of the processor 's instruction set.
The attacker having physical access to a computer can, for example, install a hardware or a software keylogger, a bus-mastering device capturing memory or install any other malicious hardware or software, allowing the attacker to capture unencrypted data (including encryption keys and passwords) or to decrypt encrypted data using captured ...
A SHA instruction set is a set of extensions to the x86 and ARM instruction set architecture which support hardware acceleration of Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) family. It was specified in 2013 by Intel. [1] Instructions for SHA-512 was introduced in Arrow Lake and Lunar Lake in 2024.
HashKeeper compares hash values of known to be good files against the hash values of files on a computer system. Where those values match "known to be good" files, the examiner can say, with substantial certainty, that the corresponding files on the computer system have been previously identified as known to be good and therefore do not need to ...
Depending on the type of the token, the computer OS will then either read the key from the token and perform a cryptographic operation on it, or ask the token's firmware to perform this operation. [citation needed] A related application is the hardware dongle required by some computer programs to prove ownership of the software.
A USB-pluggable hardware true random number generator. In computing, a hardware random number generator (HRNG), true random number generator (TRNG), non-deterministic random bit generator (NRBG), [1] or physical random number generator [2] [3] is a device that generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy (in other words, the device always has access to a ...
Specifically, the algorithm is designed to use a large amount of memory compared to other password-based KDFs, [6] making the size and the cost of a hardware implementation much more expensive, and therefore limiting the amount of parallelism an attacker can use, for a given amount of financial resources.