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An example of a mineral ascorbate drug is sodium ascorbate injections (the acid form, ascorbic acid, of vitamin c is too acidic for injections). Ascorbate salts may be better tolerated by the human body than the corresponding weakly acidic ascorbic acid. Ascorbates are highly reactive antioxidants used as food preservatives. [2]
Ascorbic acid is easily oxidized and so is used as a reductant in photographic developer solutions (among others) and as a preservative. [citation needed] In fluorescence microscopy and related fluorescence-based techniques, ascorbic acid can be used as an antioxidant to increase fluorescent signal and chemically retard dye photobleaching. [29]
It is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid and a mineral ascorbate. As a food additive, it has E number E303, INS number 303. Although it is not a permitted food additive in the UK, USA and the EU, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] it is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. [ 4 ]
As the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, it is known as a mineral ascorbate. It has not been demonstrated to be more bioavailable than any other form of vitamin C supplement. [2] Sodium ascorbate normally provides 131 mg of sodium per 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid (1,000 mg of sodium ascorbate contains 889 mg of ascorbic acid and 111 mg of sodium).
Erythorbic acid is very easily produced by fermentation, being obtainable in just one step compared to ascorbic acid's two. A number of Penicillium naturally produce this chemical from glucose. This is the original process developed in the 1960s, but it has low volumetric efficiency and glucose yield compared to the modern method.
Ascorbic acid efflux by embryos of dicot plants is a well-established mechanism of iron reduction and a step obligatory for iron uptake. [a] All plants synthesize ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid functions as a cofactor for enzymes involved in photosynthesis, synthesis of plant hormones, as an antioxidant and regenerator of other antioxidants. [96]
Ascorbate peroxidase (or L-ascorbate peroxidase, APX or APEX) (EC 1.11.1.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-ascorbate + H 2 O 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H 2 O. It is a member of the family of heme-containing peroxidases.
Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C. In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E304).
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