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Sunburn effect (as measured by the UV index) is the product of the sunlight power spectrum (radiation intensity) and the erythemal action spectrum (skin sensitivity) across the range of UV wavelengths. [9] [10] The UV index is a number linearly related to the intensity of sunburn-producing UV radiation at a given point on the Earth's surface.
UV swimwear. Sun protective clothing is clothing specifically designed for sun protection and is produced from a fabric rated for its level of ultraviolet (UV) protection. A novel weave structure and denier (related to thread count per inch) may produce sun protective properties. In addition, some textiles and fabrics employed in the use of sun ...
The Fitzpatrick scale (also Fitzpatrick skin typing test; or Fitzpatrick phototyping scale) is a numerical classification schema for human skin color. It was developed in 1975 by American dermatologist Thomas B. Fitzpatrick as a way to estimate the response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. [ 2 ]
In fact, the UV Index Scale was created by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help people make smart, healthy choices about sun exposure, not as a means to garner a tan.
Halogen lamps with fused quartz envelopes are used as inexpensive UV light sources in the near UV range, from 400 to 300 nm, in some scientific instruments. Due to its black-body spectrum a filament light bulb is a very inefficient ultraviolet source, emitting only a fraction of a percent of its energy as UV, as explained by the black body ...
In the EU, sunscreen labels can only go up to SPF 50+ (initially listed as 30 but soon revised to 50). [73] Australia 's Therapeutic Goods Administration increased the upper limit to 50+ in 2012. [ 74 ] [ 75 ] In its 2007 and 2011 draft rules, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed a maximum SPF label of 50, to limit unrealistic claims.
Lifetime cumulative UV exposure to skin is also responsible for significant age-associated dryness, wrinkling, elastin and collagen damage, freckling, IGH, age spots and other cosmetic changes. The American Academy of Dermatology advises that photoprotective measures be taken, including the use of sunscreen, whenever one is exposed to the sun ...
Ages 50 and older. Hertz — 20% off base rate. Sixt — 5% discount. Thrifty — 5% discount on time and mileage charges. Ages 55 and older. Advantage — 10% off base rate. Miscellaneous travel ...