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Tarnow finds that in a classic experiment typically argued as supporting a 4 item buffer by Murdock, there is in fact no evidence for such and thus the "magical number", at least in the Murdock experiment, is 1. [14] [15] Other prominent theories of short-term memory capacity argue against measuring capacity in terms of a fixed number of elements.
George A. Miller suggested that the capacity of the short-term memory storage is about seven items plus or minus two, also known as the magic number 7, [2] but this number has been shown to be subject to numerous variability, including the size, similarity, and other properties of the chunks. [3]
In an early and influential article, "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two", [26] Miller suggested that human short-term memory has a forward memory span of approximately seven plus or minus two items and that that was well known at the time (apparently originating with Wundt). Later research reported that this "magical number seven" is ...
There is a limit to the amount of information that can be held in the short-term store: 7 ± 2 chunks. [22] These chunks, which were noted by Miller in his seminal paper The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two , are defined as independent items of information.
The Miller's law used in psychology is the observation, also by George Armitage Miller, that the number of objects the average person can hold in working memory is about seven. [4] It was put forward in a 1956 edition of Psychological Review in a paper titled "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two". [5] [6] [7]
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Miller was born on February 3, 1920, in Charleston, West Virginia, the son of George E. Miller, a steel company executive [1] and Florence (née Armitage) Miller. [3] Soon after his birth, his parents divorced, and he lived with his mother during the Great Depression, attending public school and graduating from Charleston High School in 1937.
The reason you cannot find this result in his paper is that Miller never meant to stipulate a magical number. He has used this number only as a rhetorical device for the talk on which his 1956-paper is based (see Miller, G.A. (1989). George A. Miller. In G. Lindzey (Ed.), A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. VIII, pp. 391-418).