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The TIGER domain is a minor membraneless organelle in which messenger RNA (mRNA) encodes certain types of proteins to find the appropriate environment for growth. It is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum during protein synthesis .
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. It is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation .
Tissue culture is used in creating genetically modified plants, as it allows scientists to introduce DNA changes to plant tissue via Agrobacterium tumefaciens or a gene gun and then generate a full plant from these modified cells. [11] Tissue cultures are commonly used in plant propagation.
In the case of plant tissue cells, somaclonal variation may arise over long periods in culture. Similarly in mammalian cell lines, chromosomal aberrations have a tendency to increase over time. For microorganisms there is a tendency to adapt to culture conditions, which is rarely precisely like the microorganism's natural environment, which can ...
Aerenchyma in stem cross section of a typical wetland plant. Aerenchyma or aeriferous parenchyma [1] or lacunae, is a modification of the parenchyma to form a spongy tissue that creates spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root. [2]
During pollination, this generative cell divides and gives rise to sperm cells. The female counterpart to the antheridium in cryptogams is the archegonium, and in flowering plants is the gynoecium. An antheridium typically consists of sterile cells and spermatogenous tissue. The sterile cells may form a central support structure or surround the ...
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Many research groups have developed novel bioreactors for growing specialized tissues and cells on a structural scaffold, in attempt to recreate organ-like tissue structures in-vitro. Among these include tissue bioreactors that can grow heart tissue, [ 7 ] [ 8 ] skeletal muscle tissue, [ 9 ] ligaments, cancer tissue models, and others.