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The doubly deprotonated (In 2-) phenolate form (the anion form of phenol) gives the familiar pink color. In strongly basic solutions, phenolphthalein is converted to its In(OH) 3− form, and its pink color undergoes a rather slow fading reaction [6] and becomes completely colorless when pH is greater than 13.
A solution of phenol red is used as a pH indicator, often in cell culture. Its color exhibits a gradual transition from yellow (λ max = 443 nm [2]) to red (λ max = 570 nm [3]) over the pH range 6.8 to 8.2. Above pH 8.2, phenol red turns a bright pink color. [4] [5]
Chemical structure of phenolphthalein, a common phthalein dye. Phthalein dyes are a class of dyes mainly used as pH indicators, due to their ability to change colors depending on pH. [1] They are formed by the reaction of phthalic anhydride with various phenols. They are a subclass of triarylmethane dyes. Common phthalein dyes include ...
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2]
A roll of universal indicator paper Colors of universal indicator. A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a ...
Titration indicator table [11] Indicator name Indicator colour Transition interval (pH range) Color after high pH conditions Methyl Orange Orange/red 3.1 - 4.4 Yellow Methyl Red Red 4.4 - 6.3 Yellow Congo Red Blue 3.0 - 5.2 Red Phenolphthalein Colourless 8.3 - 10.0 Pink Thymolphthalein Colourless 9.3 - 10.5 Blue Bromophenol Blue Yellow 3.0 - 4.6
Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (H 3 O +) or hydrogen ions (H +) in the Arrhenius model. Normally, the indicator causes the color of the solution to change depending on the pH. Indicators can also show change in other physical properties; for example, olfactory indicators show change in their odor.
The Kastle–Meyer test is a presumptive blood test, first described in 1903, in which the chemical indicator phenolphthalein is used to detect the possible presence of hemoglobin. It relies on the peroxidase -like activity of hemoglobin in blood to catalyze the oxidation of phenolphthalin (the colorless reduced form of phenolphthalein) into ...