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Kashmir (/ ˈ k æ ʃ m ɪər / KASH-meer or / k æ ʃ ˈ m ɪər / kash-MEER) is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range.
Jammu [b] and Kashmir [c] (abbreviated J&K) is a region administered by India as a union territory [1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959. [3]
Neither India nor the State can unilaterally amend or abrogate the Article except in accordance with the terms of the Article. [33] Article 370 embodied six special provisions for Jammu and Kashmir: [34] [35] It exempted the State from the complete applicability of the Constitution of India. The State was conferred the power to have its own ...
Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state to have its own official state flag, along with India's national flag, [98] in addition to a separate constitution. Designed by the then ruling National Conference, the flag of Jammu and Kashmir featured a plough on a red background symbolising labour; it replaced the Maharaja's state flag.
On 5 August 2019, the Government of India, by the powers vested in it by Constitution of India, passed a motion to dissolve Article 370 of the Constitution of India for the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and bifurcated the state into two Union Territories – Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh by introducing the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act in ...
Anand, Adarsh Sein (2001). "Accession of Jammu and Kashmir State – Historical and Legal Perspective". Journal of the Indian Law Institute. 43 (4): 455– 468. ISSN 0019-5731. JSTOR 43953394. McCarthy, Michael R. (2002). A subject of dispute: a legal analysis of the claims of India and Pakistan to Kashmir (Masters thesis). Durham University.
India has control of about half the area of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir; Pakistan controls a third of the region, governing it as Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, "Although there was a clear Muslim majority in Kashmir before the 1947 partition and its economic, cultural, and ...
On 5 August 2019, the President of India issued a presidential order, namely, The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019 (C.O. 272) [3] under Article 370 making all the provisions of Constitution of India applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir and this has rendered the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir infructuous ...