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M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. chimaera are each saprotrophic organisms present in soil and water; entry into hosts is usually via the gastrointestinal tract, but also can be via the lungs. MAC infections can cause fevers, diarrhea, malabsorption, as well as loss of appetite and weight loss, and can disseminate to the bone marrow. MAI is ...
The lack of naïve T lymphocytes is the cause of low plasticity of the immune system in the elderly. [11] In aging of the immune system is also a decrease in central tolerance and an increase in the number of autoreactive T cells. [12] B cells also have a decreased repertoire of naïve cells and an increase in memory B cells. [13]
Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome comprising the signs and symptoms that occur secondary to neuroendocrine tumors (formerly known as carcinoid tumors). [1] The syndrome is caused by neuroendocrine tumors most often found in the gut releasing biologically active substances into the blood causing symptoms such as flushing and diarrhea, and less frequently, heart failure, vomiting ...
Diarrhea may be intermittent and may not be present in all cases. It is often chronic, lasting over two weeks. The degree of symptoms may vary from asymptomatic to severe, [2] and can include weight loss, vomiting, fever, and involvement of other digestive organs. Symptoms may be more severe in children. Additional symptoms reported have ...
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...
The extent of diarrhea is graded based on severity, from 1 to 5. Grade 1 diarrhea is defined by an increase in the number of stools below four per day (compared with baseline). Grade 2 diarrhea is defined by an increase of 4–6 bowel movements per day. Grade 3 diarrhea is defined by an increase by 7 or more bowel movements per day.
C. jejuni can also cause a latent autoimmune effect on the nerves of the legs, which is usually seen several weeks after a surgical procedure of the abdomen. The effect is known as an acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), i.e. Guillain–Barré syndrome, in which one sees symptoms of ascending paralysis, dysaesthesias usually ...
Autoimmune enteropathy typically occurs in infants and younger children however, adult cases have been reported in literature. [9] Autoimmune enteropathy was first described by Walker-Smith et al. in 1982. [10] The mechanisms of autoimmune enteropathy isn't well known but dysfunction or deficiency of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells may play a role ...