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Palilalia is defined as the repetition of the speaker's words or phrases, often for a varying number of repeats. Repeated units are generally whole sections of words and are larger than a syllable, with words being repeated the most often, followed by phrases, and then syllables or sounds.
Echolalia can be categorized as communicative (in context and with "apparent communicative purpose") vs. semicommunicative (an "unclear communicative meaning"). [1] The use of echolalia in task response to facilitate generalization is an area that holds much promise. [14] Research in this area is certainly needed.
Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated. [1]Frontal lobe animation. One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, [1] but no widely accepted neural or computational models have ...
Immediate echolalia appears to tap into the person's short-term memory for auditory input. This is defined as the repetition of a word or phrase just spoken by another person. Knowing the person very well would appear to be the key to understanding their specific intentions. For example; staff: "Johnny, say hello to your mom."
[1] [2] [3] These are only related to automatic or spontaneous spoken words, as reading aloud produces a couple other forms of palilalia. Furthermore, several studies have mentioned a "classification system" for palilalia, types A and B, which differ in that the former has repetitions accompanied by a change in pitch, amplitude, and temp.
Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder characterized externally by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses called blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds.
Klazomania is similar to other complex tics including echolalia, palilalia and coprolalia. [1] It is defined as compulsive shouting, which can be in the form of swearing, grunting or barking. [3] The subject may appear flushed, and klazomania can occur with increasing frequency if the person is agitated. [3]
[2] [35] Echolalia (repeating the words of others) and palilalia (repeating one's own words) occur in a minority of cases. [36] Complex motor tics include copropraxia (obscene or forbidden gestures, or inappropriate touching), echopraxia (repetition or imitation of another person's actions) and palipraxia (repeating one's own movements). [32]