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Cryptographic weaknesses were discovered in SHA-1, and the standard was no longer approved for most cryptographic uses after 2010. SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words.
Paul Hsieh's SuperFastHash [1] 32 bits Buzhash: variable XOR/table Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function (FNV Hash) 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, or 1024 bits xor/product or product/XOR Jenkins hash function: 32 or 64 bits XOR/addition Bernstein's hash djb2 [2] 32 or 64 bits shift/add or mult/add or shift/add/xor or mult/xor PJW hash / Elf Hash: 32 or 64 bits
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
SHA-256 hash function. Smart contracts use 256- or 257-bit integers; 256-bit words for the Ethereum Virtual Machine. "We realize that a 257 bits byte is quite unusual, but for smart contracts it is ok to have at least 256 bits numbers. The leading VM for smart contracts, Ethereum VM, introduced this practice and other blockchain VMs followed." [8]
Raphael C.-W. Phan ChaCha20: Website Specification: BLAKE2: 2012 Jean-Philippe Aumasson Samuel Neves Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn Christian Winnerlein BLAKE: Website Specification RFC 7693: BLAKE3: 2020 Jack O'Connor Jean-Philippe Aumasson Samuel Neves Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn: BLAKE2: Website Specification: GOST R 34.11-94: 1994 FAPSI and VNIIstandart ...
c is the capacity; r is the rate = 1600 − c; N is the input bit string; SHA-3 instances are drop-in replacements for SHA-2, intended to have identical security properties. SHAKE will generate as many bits from its sponge as requested, thus being extendable-output functions (XOFs). For example, SHAKE128(M, 256) can be used as a hash function ...
ISO 8859-1 Offset Extension Description 23 21 #! 0 Script or data to be passed to the program following the shebang (#!) [1] 02 00 5a 57 52 54 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ␂␀ZWRT␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀ 0 cwk Claris Works word processing doc 00 00 02 00 06 04 06 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 ␀␀␂␀␆␄␆␀␈␀␀␀␀␀ 0 wk1 ...
crypt is a POSIX C library function. It is typically used to compute the hash of user account passwords. The function outputs a text string which also encodes the salt (usually the first two characters are the salt itself and the rest is the hashed result), and identifies the hash algorithm used (defaulting to the "traditional" one explained below).