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Scapular fracture is present in about 1% of cases of blunt trauma [1] and 3–5% of shoulder injuries. [4] An estimated 0.4–1% of bone fractures are scapular fractures. [2] The injury is associated with other injuries 80–90% of the time. [1] Scapular fracture is associated with pulmonary contusion more than 50% of the time. [8]
While this slightly closes the angle between the clavicle and the scapula, it also widens the shoulder. [4]: 40 The scapula can be elevated and depressed from the neutral position to a total range of 10 to 12 centimetres (3.9 to 4.7 in); at its most elevated position the scapula is always tilted so that the glenoid cavity is facing superiorly.
"In terms of comparative anatomy the human scapula represents two bones that have become fused together; the (dorsal) scapula proper and the (ventral) coracoid. The epiphyseal line across the glenoid cavity is the line of fusion. They are the counterparts of the ilium and ischium of the pelvic girdle." —
A bone fracture of the shoulder involves a partial or total crack through one of the three bones in the shoulder, the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus. The break in a bone usually occurs as a result of an impact injury, such as a fall or blow to the shoulder. Fractures usually involve the clavicle or the neck (area below the ball) of the ...
[5] About 1.7% of people have a shoulder dislocation within their lifetime. [3] In the United States this is about 24 per 100,000 people per year. [1] They make up about half of major joint dislocations seen in emergency departments. [1] Males are affected more often than females. [1] Most shoulder dislocations occur as a result of sports ...
The shoulder joint is a "ball-and-socket" joint. [5] However, the 'socket' (the glenoid fossa of the scapula) is small, covering at most only a third of the 'ball' (the head of the humerus). It is deepened by a circumferential rim of fibrocartilage, the glenoidal labrum. Previously there was debate as to whether the labrum was ...
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
There is a 2- to 3-fold increase in the coracoclavicular distance, causing such a severe displacement that the clavicle almost pierces the skin. [11] The humerus and scapula drop without having the clavicular strut to lift them, which manifests as a severely drooping shoulder. [11] This injury generally requires surgery. [5]