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The word guttural literally means 'of the throat' (from Latin guttur, meaning throat), and was first used by phoneticians to describe the Hebrew glottal (א) and (ה), uvular (ח), and pharyngeal (ע). [4] The term is commonly used non-technically by English speakers to refer to sounds that subjectively appear harsh or grating.
The two main accents of modern Hebrew are Oriental and Non-Oriental. [2] Oriental Hebrew was chosen as the preferred accent for Israel by the Academy of the Hebrew Language, but has since declined in popularity. [2] The description in this article follows the language as it is pronounced by native Israeli speakers of the younger generations.
Guttural roots contain a guttural consonant (such as alef (א), hey (ה), het (ח), or ayin (ע) in any position; or resh (ר) as the second letter).Hey (ה) as the third root is usually a hollow root marker due to being a vowel spelling rather than one of any consonant, and is only considered a guttural root in the third position if historically pronounced.
In this situation where the following letter is a guttural, the vowel in 'ha-' becomes long to compensate for the inability to double the next letter - otherwise, this vowel is almost always short. This also happens in words taking the prefix לַ la-, since it is a prefix created by the contraction of לְ le-and הַ ha-.
Tiberian Hebrew is the canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) committed to writing by Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in ancient Galilee c. 750–950 CE under the Abbasid Caliphate.
Various styles (in current terms, fonts) of representation of the Jewish script letters described in this article also exist, including a variety of cursive Hebrew styles. In the remainder of this article, the term Hebrew alphabet refers to the square script unless otherwise indicated. The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters. It does not have case ...
Note 1: The letters "א " or "ב "represent whatever Hebrew letter is used. Note 2: The letter "ש " is used since it can only be represented by that letter. Note 3: The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk are different, however, they look the same and are inputted in the same manner. Also, they are represented by the same Unicode character.
Mathers Table from the 1912 edition of The Kabbalah Unveiled.. The Mathers table of Hebrew and "Chaldee" letters is a tabular display of the pronunciation, appearance, numerical values, transliteration, names, and symbolism of the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet appearing in The Kabbalah Unveiled, [1] S.L. MacGregor Mathers' late 19th century English translation of Kabbala Denudata ...