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For instance, to solve the inequality 4x < 2x + 1 ≤ 3x + 2, it is not possible to isolate x in any one part of the inequality through addition or subtraction. Instead, the inequalities must be solved independently, yielding x < 1 / 2 and x ≥ −1 respectively, which can be combined into the final solution −1 ≤ x < 1 / 2 .
This can be concisely written as the matrix inequality , where A is an m×n matrix, x is an n×1 column vector of variables, and b is an m×1 column vector of constants. [citation needed] In the above systems both strict and non-strict inequalities may be used. Not all systems of linear inequalities have solutions.
Jensen's inequality generalizes the statement that a secant line of a convex function lies above its graph. In mathematics, Jensen's inequality, named after the Danish mathematician Johan Jensen, relates the value of a convex function of an integral to the integral of the convex function. It was proved by Jensen in 1906, [1] building on an ...
Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. The Cauchy–Schwarz inequality (also called Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwarz inequality) [1][2][3][4] is an upper bound on the inner product between two vectors in an inner product space in terms of the product of the vector norms. It is considered one of the most important and widely used inequalities in mathematics.
Inequality has risen in most developed countries since the 1960s, so graphs of inequality over time no longer display a Kuznets curve. Piketty has argued that the decline in inequality over the first half of the 20th century was a once-off effect due to the destruction of large concentrations of wealth by war and economic depression.
The triangle inequality is a defining property of norms and measures of distance. This property must be established as a theorem for any function proposed for such purposes for each particular space: for example, spaces such as the real numbers, Euclidean spaces, the L p spaces (p ≥ 1), and inner product spaces.
Chebyshev's inequality. In probability theory, Chebyshev's inequality (also called the Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality) provides an upper bound on the probability of deviation of a random variable (with finite variance) from its mean. More specifically, the probability that a random variable deviates from its mean by more than is at most ...
In mathematics, the Shapiro inequality is an inequality proposed by Harold S. Shapiro in 1954. [1] ... (That is, the region above the graph of ...