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Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in humans. [11] [12] [13] There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. [1] The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), also known as epidermoid carcinoma, comprises a number of different types of cancer that begin in squamous cells. [1] These cells form on the surface of the skin, on the lining of hollow organs in the body, and on the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts. [1]
It is a rare type of skin cancer, with a 2013 incidence of only 0.7 per 100,000 persons in the U.S. [56] As of 2005, roughly 2,500 new cases of MCC are diagnosed each year in the United States, [56] as compared to around 60,000 new cases of malignant melanoma and over 1 million new cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer. [57]
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Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the skin (after basal-cell carcinoma, but more common than melanoma). It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun. Sunlight exposure and immunosuppression are risk factors for SCC of the skin, with chronic sun exposure being the strongest environmental risk factor. [26]
More than five million nonmelanoma skin cancers are diagnosed annually in the U.S., and an estimated 207,390 cases of melanoma will be diagnosed in 2021. Every hour more than two people die from skin cancer. [6] [7] The primary cause of skin cancer is ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and indoor tanning beds. [8]
The first two, collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), are highly unlikely to metastasize [6] and comprise the majority of skin cancer diagnoses. [7] Many cancer insurance plans do not offer benefits for policyholders diagnosed with these non-melanoma skin cancers, [8] or a large share of cases that are frequently called cancer ...
Cancer treatment needs to be selected to do least harm to both the woman and her embryo/fetus. In some cases a therapeutic abortion may be recommended. Radiation therapy is out of the question, and chemotherapy always poses the risk of miscarriage and congenital malformations. [63] Little is known about the effects of medications on the child.