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The analysis of errors computed using the global positioning system is important for understanding how GPS works, and for knowing what magnitude errors should be expected.
In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in ^ (pronounced "v-hat"). [2] [1] This is especially common in physics context.
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...
Standard error; References This page was last edited on 17 October 2024, at 06:02 (UTC). Text is available ...
The earliest reference to a similar formula appears to be Armstrong (1985, p. 348), where it is called "adjusted MAPE" and is defined without the absolute values in the denominator. It was later discussed, modified, and re-proposed by Flores (1986).
where p the number of estimated parameters p and ^ is computed from the version of the model that includes all possible regressors. That concludes this proof. That concludes this proof. See also
Later on, the text can refer to this equation by its number using syntax like this: As seen in equation ({{EquationNote|1}}), example text... The result looks like this: As seen in equation , example text... The equation number produced by {{EquationNote}} is a link that the user can click to go immediately to the cited equation.