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Calvinism Lutheranism Arminianism; Human will: Total depravity: [2] Humanity possesses "free will", [3] but it is in bondage to sin, [4] until it is "transformed". [5]
The history of the Calvinist–Arminian debate begins in the early 17th century in the Netherlands with a Christian theological dispute between the followers of John Calvin and Jacobus Arminius and continues today among some Protestants, particularly evangelicals.
Calvinism and Arminianism, while sharing historical roots and many theological doctrines, diverge notably on the concepts of divine predestination and election. While some perceive these differences as fundamental, others regard them as relatively minor distinctions within the broader spectrum of Christian theology.
This view aligns neither with Classical Arminianism or Calvinism as it is distinguished from Arminianism by denying the Arminian doctrine of prevenient grace and the plausibility of losing one's salvation by teaching eternal security, while it differs from Calvinism by affirming libertarian free will and due to a denial of unconditional election.
Wesleyan–Arminianism developed as an attempt to explain Christianity in a manner unlike the teachings of Calvinism. [7] Arminianism is a theological study conducted by Jacobus Arminius, from the Netherlands, in opposition to Calvinist orthodoxy on the basis of free will. [8]
After Arminius: A Historical Introduction to Arminian Theology. New York: Oxford University Press. Witzki, Steve (2010). "The Arminian Confession of 1621 and Apostasy". Society of Evangelical Arminians; Wynkoop, Mildred Bangs (1967). Foundations of Wesleyan-Arminian Theology. Kansas City, MO: Beacon Hill Press.
Calvinism, also known as the Reformed tradition or Reformed Protestantism is a movement which broke from the Catholic Church in the 16th century. Reformed Christianity is represented in the Continental Reformed , Presbyterian , and Congregationalist traditions, along with Reformed Anglican and Reformed Baptist denominations (the latter two are ...
Calvinism Lutheranism Arminianism; Human will: Total depravity: [18] Humanity possesses "free will", [19] but it is in bondage to sin, [20] until it is "transformed". [21] Total depravity: [18] [22] [23] Humanity possesses free will in regard to "goods and possessions", but is sinful by nature and unable to contribute to its own salvation. [24 ...