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Canna species have been categorised by two different taxonomists in the course of the last three decades. They are Paul Maas , from the Netherlands [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and Nobuyuki Tanaka from Japan . [ 4 ]
E. robustus can reach 8–10 ft (2.4–3.0 m) in height with pink or white flower spikes E. stenophyllus , a dwarf species, reaches 2–3 ft (0.61–0.91 m) in height with yellow flowers. Also E . × isabellinus which is a hybrid of E. olgae and E. stenophyllus is available as 'Cleopatra', with orange spikes.
Canna cultivars are grown in most countries, even those with territory above the Arctic Circle, which have short summers, but long days, and the rapid growth rate of cannas makes them a feasible gardening plant, as long as they receive 6–8 hours of sunlight each day during the growing season and are protected from the cold of winter.
Cultivars, F1 and F2 hybrids, normally with small species-like flowers, but grown principally for their foliage. [2] [3] [4] This group has occasionally been referred to as the Année Group, after the originator, Théodore Année, the world's first Canna hybridizer.
A floral formula then acquires a form like the following, typical of the lily family: K3 C3 A6 G(3) 3 ∞ which indicates that the flowers of this family have 3 sepals, 3 petals, an androcecium with 6 stamens and a gynoecium with a succulent ovary formed by 3 carpels joined, with three loculi and numerous ovules per locule.
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The illustration is from Flore des serres et des jardins de l’Europe by Charles Lemaire and others. Gent, Louis van Houtte, 1855, volume 10 (plate 1055-1056). Cooke, Ian, 2001.
Canna 'Yellow King Humbert' Burbank is a medium sized Italian Group Canna cultivar; foliage green, but often variegated purple markings and occasionally whole leaves purple, oval shaped, spreading habit; oval stems, coloured green + purple; flower clusters are open, spotted, colours yellow with red spots, often large red markings and occasionally whole flowers red, staminodes are large; seed ...