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The species with the smallest estimated population is the whooping crane, which is conservatively thought to number 50–249 mature individuals, [5] and the one with the largest is the sandhill crane, which has an estimated population of 450,000–550,000 mature individuals.
The whooping crane (Grus americana) is an endangered crane species, native to North America, [3] [1] named for its "whooping" calls. Along with the sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis), it is one of only two crane species native to North America, and it is also the tallest North American bird species. [3]
The common crane (Grus grus), also known as the Eurasian crane, is a bird of the family Gruidae, the cranes. A medium-sized species, it is the only crane commonly found in Europe besides the demoiselle crane ( Grus virgo ) and the Siberian crane ( Leucogeranus leucogeranus ) that only are regular in the far eastern part of the continent.
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Crepuscular, a classification of animals that are active primarily during twilight, making them similar to nocturnal animals. Diurnality, plant or animal behavior characterized by activity during the day and sleeping at night. Cathemeral, a classification of organisms with sporadic and random intervals of activity during the day or night.
Sandhill cranes are known to frequent the edges of bodies of water. The central Platte River valley in Nebraska is the most important stopover area for the nominotypical subspecies, the lesser sandhill crane (A. c. canadensis), with up to 450,000 of these birds migrating through annually. [3] [4]
Currently, the black crowned crane is listed as a Vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, with a population of 28 000–47 000 individuals remaining. [1] Black crowned cranes face major conservation threats due to the degradation of wetlands which act as the principal breeding, feeding and roosting sites for the species.
The white-naped crane (Antigone vipio, formerly Grus vipio, also known as the Daurian crane [3] in Russian sources) is a bird in the crane family, Gruidae.It is a large bird measuring 112–125 cm (44–49 in) long, about 130 cm (4.3 ft) tall, and weighing about 5.6 kg (12 lb), with pinkish legs, a grey-and-white-striped neck, and a red face patch.