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That proved that magnetic refrigeration is a mature technology, capable of replacing the classic refrigeration solutions. One year later, in September 2018, at the 8th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VIII]), Cooltech Applications presented a paper on a magnetocaloric prototype designed as a 15 kW ...
Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems store energy in the magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a superconducting coil that has been cryogenically cooled to a temperature below its superconducting critical temperature. This use of superconducting coils to store magnetic energy was invented by M. Ferrier in 1970.
Magnetic refrigeration, or adiabatic demagnetization, is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect, an intrinsic property of magnetic solids. The refrigerant is often a paramagnetic salt , such as cerium magnesium nitrate .
Originally this was considered to be impossible. For some time it looked as if it would be impossible to cool below the lambda point of 4 He (2.17 K), but the low-temperature group of the Eindhoven University of Technology managed to cool to a temperature of 1.73 K by replacing the usual 4 He as refrigerant by its rare isotope 3 He.
Artificial refrigeration began in the mid-1750s, and developed in the early 1800s. [7] In 1834, the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system, using the same technology seen in air conditioners, was built. [8] The first commercial ice-making machine was invented in 1854. [9] In 1913, refrigerators for home use were invented. [10]
Another type of Stirling cooler is the split-pair type (Fig.4), consisting of a compressor, a split pipe, and a cold finger. Usually there are two pistons moving in opposite directions driven by AC magnetic fields (as in loudspeakers). The pistons can be suspended by so-called flexure bearings.
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The primary example of a continuous refrigerator is optical pumping and laser cooling. [8] [9] Similarly to classical reciprocating engines, quantum heat engines also have a cycle that is divided into different strokes. A stroke is time segment in which a certain operation takes place (e.g. thermalization, or work extraction).