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  2. ggplot2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ggplot2

    ggplot2 is an open-source data visualization package for the statistical programming language R.Created by Hadley Wickham in 2005, ggplot2 is an implementation of Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics—a general scheme for data visualization which breaks up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers. ggplot2 can serve as a replacement for the base graphics in R and contains a ...

  3. Box plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_plot

    Figure 2. Box-plot with whiskers from minimum to maximum Figure 3. Same box-plot with whiskers drawn within the 1.5 IQR value. A boxplot is a standardized way of displaying the dataset based on the five-number summary: the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles.

  4. Functional boxplot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_boxplot

    In statistical graphics, the functional boxplot is an informative exploratory tool that has been proposed for visualizing functional data. [1] [2] Analogous to the classical boxplot, the descriptive statistics of a functional boxplot are: the envelope of the 50% central region, the median curve and the maximum non-outlying envelope.

  5. List of spreadsheet software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spreadsheet_software

    1985, 20/20, for MS-DOS, competitor to 1-2-3 with database integration, real-time data updating, multiplatform. 1986, VP Planner for MS-DOS, similar in look and feel to Lotus 1-2-3, but included 5 level multi-dimensional database [12] 1987, PlanPerfect for MS-DOS, distributed by WordPerfect Corporation. [13]

  6. Violin plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin_plot

    Violin plots are similar to box plots, except that they also show the probability density of the data at different values, usually smoothed by a kernel density estimator.A violin plot will include all the data that is in a box plot: a marker for the median of the data; a box or marker indicating the interquartile range; and possibly all sample points, if the number of samples is not too high.

  7. Simpson's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson's_paradox

    The sizes of the groups, which are combined when the lurking variable is ignored, are very different. Doctors tend to give cases with large stones the better treatment A, and the cases with small stones the inferior treatment B. Therefore, the totals are dominated by groups 3 and 2, and not by the two much smaller groups 1 and 4.

  8. Bivariate analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivariate_analysis

    Bivariate analysis can be contrasted with univariate analysis in which only one variable is analysed. [1] Like univariate analysis, bivariate analysis can be descriptive or inferential. It is the analysis of the relationship between the two variables. [1]

  9. Interquartile range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile_range

    The IQR of a set of values is calculated as the difference between the upper and lower quartiles, Q 3 and Q 1. Each quartile is a median [8] calculated as follows. Given an even 2n or odd 2n+1 number of values first quartile Q 1 = median of the n smallest values third quartile Q 3 = median of the n largest values [8]