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A syndrome is a set of medical signs and symptoms which are correlated with each other and often associated with a particular disease or disorder. [1] The word derives from the Greek σύνδρομον, meaning "concurrence".
Some disorders may be very limited in their functional effects, while others may involve substantial disability and support needs. In this context, the terms psychiatric disability and psychological disability are sometimes used instead of mental disorder. [2] [3] The degree of ability or disability may vary over time and across different life ...
In the scientific and academic literature on the definition or categorization of mental disorders, one extreme argues that it is entirely a matter of value judgments (including of what is normal) while another proposes that it is or could be entirely objective and scientific (including by reference to statistical norms); [2] other views argue that the concept refers to a "fuzzy prototype" that ...
For example, in lay language, the term often encompasses illnesses with no physical basis at all, and even illnesses that are faked (malingering). In contrast, in contemporary psychosomatic medicine, the term is normally restricted to those illnesses that do have a clear physical basis, but where it is believed that psychological and mental ...
It is not recognized as a mental disorder within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), as it relates to parts of the brain healing or restructuring. [5] Savant syndrome is estimated to affect around one in a million people. [4] The condition affects more males than females, at a ratio of 6:1. [1]
Since much was unknown, there was little to no distinction between the different types of mental illness and developmental disorders that we refer to today. Most often, they were dealt with by performing an exorcism on the person exhibiting signs of any mental illness. [5] In the early to mid-1800s, asylums were introduced to America and Europe.
Similar to the DSM-III-R, the DSM-IV-TR was created to bridge the gap between the DSM-IV and the next major release, then named DSM-V (eventually titled DSM-5). [3] The DSM-IV-TR contains expanded descriptions of disorders. Wordings were clarified and errors were corrected. The categorizations and the diagnostic criteria were largely unchanged.
Classified as a "conversion disorder" by the DSM-IV, a psychogenic disease is a condition in which mental stressors cause physical symptoms matching other disorders. The manifestation of physical symptoms without biologically identifiable cause results from disruptions in normal brain function due to psychological stress.