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The result is a type or value, depending on which sort of generic definition is applied. Generic abstraction enables generic definitions be defined by abstracting a type parameter (of a given kind). Type-indexed types are types that are indexed over the type constructors. These can be used to give types to more involved generic values.
A generic class declaration defines a set of parameterized types, one for each possible invocation of the type parameter section. All of these parameterized types share the same class at runtime. An interface is generic if it declares one or more type variables. [7] It defines one or more type variables that act as parameters. [7] A generic ...
Typically a generic function is an instance of a class that inherits both from function and standard-object. Thus generic functions are both functions (that can be called with and applied to arguments) and ordinary objects. The book The Art of the Metaobject Protocol explains the implementation and use of CLOS generic functions in detail.
In Haskell, bounding is achieved by requiring types to belong to a type class; thus the same function has the type [] in Haskell. In most object-oriented programming languages that support parametric polymorphism, parameters can be constrained to be subtypes of a given type (see the articles Subtype polymorphism and Generic programming ).
The definition of generic data model is similar to the definition of a natural language. For example, a generic data model may define relation types such as a 'classification relation', being a binary relation between an individual thing and a kind of thing (a class) and a 'part-whole relation', being a binary relation between two things, one with the role of part, the other with the role of ...
The connection of generalization to specialization (or particularization) is reflected in the contrasting words hypernym and hyponym.A hypernym as a generic stands for a class or group of equally ranked items, such as the term tree which stands for equally ranked items such as peach and oak, and the term ship which stands for equally ranked items such as cruiser and steamer.
The term concept (and its popularization) is credited to Alexander Stepanov, [2] [3] the primary designer of the STL. In the C++ 1998 standard, the Concept term was introduced to name just a simple description of the requirements for particular type, usually being a template parameter. It was not encoded in the language explicitly – the ...
This allows a function or class declaration to reference via a generic variable another different class (built-in or newly declared data type) without creating full declaration for each of these different classes. In plain terms, a templated class or function would be the equivalent of (before "compiling") copying and pasting the templated ...