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An isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature T of a system remains constant: ΔT = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in the system occurs slowly enough to allow the system to be continuously adjusted to the temperature of the reservoir through heat exchange (see quasi-equilibrium).
For reversible processes, an isentropic transformation is carried out by thermally "insulating" the system from its surroundings. Temperature is the thermodynamic conjugate variable to entropy, thus the conjugate process would be an isothermal process, in which the system is thermally "connected" to a constant-temperature heat bath.
The Carnot cycle is a cycle composed of the totally reversible processes of isentropic compression and expansion and isothermal heat addition and rejection. The thermal efficiency of a Carnot cycle depends only on the absolute temperatures of the two reservoirs in which heat transfer takes place, and for a power cycle is:
An isothermal process occurs at a constant temperature. ... notably the compression or expansion of a gas, but in some cases, liquids and solids.
The expansion space is heated externally, and the gas undergoes near-isothermal expansion. 270° to 0°, near-constant-volume (or near-isometric or isochoric) heat removal. The gas is passed through the regenerator, thus cooling the gas, and transferring heat to the regenerator for use in the next cycle. 0° to 90°, pseudo-isothermal compression.
In paper, [9] the authors proposed a different thermal expansion equation of state, which consists of isothermal compression at room temperature, following by thermal expansion at high pressure. To distinguish these two thermal expansion equations of state, the latter one is called pressure-dependent thermal expansion equation of state.
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility [1] or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility [2]) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.
In contrast, free expansion is an isothermal process for an ideal gas. Adiabatic compression occurs when the pressure of a gas is increased by work done on it by its surroundings, e.g., a piston compressing a gas contained within a cylinder and raising the temperature where in many practical situations heat conduction through walls can be slow ...