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Feline idiopathic cystitis begins as an acute non-obstructive episode and is self-limiting in about 85% of cases, resolving itself in a week. In approximately 15% of cases, it can escalate into an obstructive episode ("blocked cat") which can be life-threatening for a male cat. [5]
Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is by far the most common form of FLUTD in young to middle-aged cats. It is a disease whose cause is not fully understood but is thought to be related to stress events and a cat's pre-disposition to anxiety, as well as certain lifestyle choices (e.g. a dry food diet, no access to outdoor space).
Also known as "true" leukonychia, this is the most common form of leukonychia, in which small white spots appear on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. Besides parakeratosis, air that is trapped between the cells may also cause this appearance. [5] It is also caused by trauma.
A new nail plate will form once the cause of the disease is removed. Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, is a contagious infection of the nail caused by the same fungal organisms which cause ringworm of the skin (Trichophyton rubrum or T. mentagrophytes, rarely other trichophyton species or Epidermophyton floccosum [1]).
Domestic cats are affected by over 250 naturally occurring hereditary disorders, many of which are similar to those in humans, such as diabetes, hemophilia and Tay–Sachs disease. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] For example, Abyssinian cat 's pedigree contains a genetic mutation that causes retinitis pigmentosa , which also affects humans.
Recurrence may occur following treatment, with a 20-25% relapse rate within 2 years of successful treatment. [13] Nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent damage to nails. It may lead to other serious infections if the immune system is suppressed due to medication, diabetes or other conditions.
Muehrcke's lines were described by American physician Robert C. Muehrcke (1921–2003) in 1956. In a study published in BMJ, he examined patients with known chronic hypoalbuminemia and healthy volunteers, finding that the appearance of multiple transverse white lines was a highly specific marker for low serum albumin (no subject with the sign had SA over 2.2 g/dL), was associated with severity ...
However, in certain cases, the cause remains unknown. Athletes, especially runners, may be more likely to experience toenail involvement. [10] A portion of patients have onychomadesis recurrently without an obvious cause. [11] One of the most frequent causes of single-digit onychomadesis is local damage to the nail bed. [12]