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An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. [2] It is the key structure in macroautophagy , the intracellular degradation system for cytoplasmic contents (e.g., abnormal intracellular proteins , excess or damaged organelles , invading microorganisms).
ATG may be part of the protein name (such as ATG7) or part of the gene name (such as ATG7), [53] although all ATG proteins and genes do not follow this pattern (such as ULK1). [ 52 ] To give specific examples, the UKL1 enzyme (kinase complex) induces autophagosome biogenesis, and ATG13 ( Autophagy-related protein 13 ) is required for phagosome ...
Central dogma depicting transcription from DNA code to RNA code to the proteins in the second step covering the production of protein. Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in an organism such that it expresses large amounts of a ...
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (hereafter referred to as LC3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3B gene. [5] LC3 is a central protein in the autophagy pathway where it functions in autophagy substrate selection and autophagosome biogenesis. LC3 is the most widely used marker of autophagosomes. [6]
65114 Ensembl ENSG00000069329 ENSMUSG00000031696 UniProt Q96QK1 Q9EQH3 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_018206 NM_022997 RefSeq (protein) NP_060676 NP_075373 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 46.66 – 46.69 Mb Chr 8: 85.99 – 86.03 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Gene In humans, VPS35 is transcribed on chromosome 16q11.2 where is spans about 29.6 kilobases and contains 17 exons. It is ...
Autophagy-related protein 13 also known as ATG13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA0652 gene. [5]ATG13 is an autophagy factor required for phagosome formation. . ATG13 is a target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through phosphorylation of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 comp
Omegasomes act as progenitors of autophagosome formation during the autophagy pathway. [14] There are various autophagosome mediators involved in autophagy, however it is the omegasome regulation of the pathway that provides a smooth transition of autophagosome formation, and enrichment of nutrients in the cells. [14]
The Atg1 gene lies on chromosome VII of S. cerevisiae. The encoded protein with a mass of 101.7 kDa has a length of 897 amino acids and includes a protein serine/threonin kinase domain of 302 amino acids at its N-terminus. At the C-terminus, there is a 7 amino acid long region that is required for Cvt trafficking.