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An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. [2] It is the key structure in macroautophagy , the intracellular degradation system for cytoplasmic contents (e.g., abnormal intracellular proteins , excess or damaged organelles , invading microorganisms).
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (hereafter referred to as LC3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3B gene. [5] LC3 is a central protein in the autophagy pathway where it functions in autophagy substrate selection and autophagosome biogenesis. LC3 is the most widely used marker of autophagosomes. [6]
ATG may be part of the protein name (such as ATG7) or part of the gene name (such as ATG7), [53] although all ATG proteins and genes do not follow this pattern (such as ULK1). [ 52 ] To give specific examples, the UKL1 enzyme (kinase complex) induces autophagosome biogenesis, and ATG13 ( Autophagy-related protein 13 ) is required for phagosome ...
Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATG5 gene located on chromosome 6. It is an E3 ubi autophagic cell death. ATG5 is a key protein involved in the extension of the phagophoric membrane in autophagic vesicles. It is activated by ATG7 and forms a complex with ATG12 and ATG16L1.
Autophagy-related protein 13 also known as ATG13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA0652 gene. [5]ATG13 is an autophagy factor required for phagosome formation. . ATG13 is a target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through phosphorylation of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 comp
66734 Ensembl ENSG00000101460 ENSMUSG00000027602 UniProt Q9H492 Q91VR7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_032514 NM_181509 NM_025735 RefSeq (protein) NP_115903 NP_852610 NP_080011 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 34.55 – 34.56 Mb Chr 2: 155.12 – 155.12 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3A ...
22241 Ensembl ENSG00000177169 ENSMUSG00000029512 UniProt O75385 O70405 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003565 NM_009469 NM_001347394 RefSeq (protein) NP_003556 NP_001334323 NP_033495 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 131.89 – 131.92 Mb Chr 5: 110.93 – 110.96 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ULK1 gene. Unc-51 ...
The Atg1 gene lies on chromosome VII of S. cerevisiae. The encoded protein with a mass of 101.7 kDa has a length of 897 amino acids and includes a protein serine/threonin kinase domain of 302 amino acids at its N-terminus. At the C-terminus, there is a 7 amino acid long region that is required for Cvt trafficking.