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Andreev reflection, named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N). It is a charge-transfer process by which normal current in N is converted to supercurrent in S.
Vortices in a 200-nm-thick YBCO film imaged by scanning SQUID microscopy [1]. In superconductivity, a fluxon (also called an Abrikosov vortex or quantum vortex) is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor, used by Soviet physicist Alexei Abrikosov to explain magnetic behavior of type-II superconductors. [2]
The Silsbee effect or Silsbee current refers to the effect by which, if the electric current through a superconductor exceeds a critical level, the superconducting state will be destroyed. [1] The size of the critical current (which can be as large as 100 amperes in a 1-mm wire) depends on the nature and geometry of the specimen and is related ...
Assume that superconductor A has Ginzburg–Landau order parameter =, and superconductor B =, which can be interpreted as the wave functions of Cooper pairs in the two superconductors. If the electric potential difference across the junction is V {\displaystyle V} , then the energy difference between the two superconductors is 2 e V ...
Calculated magnetization curve for a superconducting slab, based on Bean's model. The superconducting slab is initially at H = 0. Increasing H to critical field H* causes the blue curve; dropping H back to 0 and reversing direction to increase it to -H* causes the green curve; dropping H back to 0 again and increase H to H* causes the orange curve.
In the context of long Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor Josephson tunnel junctions, a fluxon (aka Josephson vortex) is made of circulating supercurrents and has no normal core in the tunneling barrier. Supercurrents circulate just around the mathematical center of a fluxon, which is situated with the (insulating) Josephson barrier.
Alexander Fyodorovich Andreev (Russian: Александр Фёдорович Андреев, 10 December 1939 – 14 March 2023) [1] was a Russian theoretical physicist best known for explaining the eponymous Andreev reflection. [2] Andreev was educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, starting in 1959 and graduating ahead of ...
Flux pinning is a phenomenon that occurs when flux vortices in a type-II superconductor are prevented from moving within the bulk of the superconductor, so that the magnetic field lines are "pinned" to those locations. [1] The superconductor must be a type-II superconductor because type-I superconductors cannot be penetrated by magnetic fields. [2]