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Currently, mining in the Andes of Chile and Peru places these countries as the first and second major producers of copper in the world. Peru also contains the 4th-largest goldmine in the world: the Yanacocha. The Bolivian Andes principally produce tin, although historically silver mining had a huge impact on the economy of 17th-century Europe.
The earliest civilizations were on the hyper-arid desert coast of Peru. Agriculture was possible only with irrigation in valleys crossed by rivers coming from the high Andes, plus in a few fog oases called lomas. In the Andes, agriculture was limited by thin soils, cold climate, low or seasonal precipitation, and a scarcity of flat land.
The plateau is located at the latitude of the widest part of the north–south-trending Andes. The bulk of the Altiplano lies in Bolivia, but its northern parts lie in Peru, and its southwestern fringes lie in Chile. There are on the plateau many towns and several cities, including El Alto and Oruro in Bolivia, Juliaca and Puno in Peru.
Today, visitors can reach Machu Picchu via three main routes. The most popular option is the train journey from Cusco or Ollantaytambo . Operated by PeruRail and Inca Rail , this scenic route takes visitors to the town of Aguas Calientes , from where they can take a bus ride of 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) or walk to the Machu Picchu entrance.
The Tropical Andes are located in South America following the path of the Andes. They run, mainly, through five countries, Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , and Bolivia . The land initially was roughly 1,258,000 km 2 (486,000 sq mi) but has decreased to 314,500 km 2 (121,400 sq mi), leaving 25% of the original land.
Satellite imagery of Peru Topographic map of Peru Political map of Peru Vegetation of Peru Peru is a country on the central western coast of South America facing the Pacific Ocean . It lies wholly in the Southern Hemisphere , its northernmost extreme reaching to 1.8 minutes of latitude or about 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) south of the equator .
The economy of Peru is the 48th largest in the world (ranked by PPP), [170] and the income level is classified as upper middle by the World Bank. [171] Peru is, as of 2011, one of the world's fastest-growing economies owing to an economic boom experienced during the 2000s. [172]
Map of Peru and its codilleras. In Peru the Cordillera Occidental is the western branch of the Andes. It bounds to the west with coastal plains or falls directly into the Pacific along cliffed coasts. To the east of Cordillera Occidental lies the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Oriental of Peru.