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It is a common property in the plurality-rule family of voting systems. For example, say a group of voters ranks Alice 2nd and Bob 6th, and Alice wins the election. In the next election, Bob focuses on expanding his appeal with this group of voters, but does not manage to defeat Alice—Bob's rating increases from 6th-place to 3rd.
Condorcet winner [Tn 1] Condorcet loser Smith [Tn 1] Smith-IIA [Tn 1] IIA/LIIA [Tn 1] Cloneproof Monotone Participation Later-no-harm [Tn 1] Later-no-help [Tn 1] No favorite betrayal [Tn 1] Ballot type First-past-the-post voting: Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Single mark Anti-plurality: No Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes ...
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined.. Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.
Approval voting trivially satisfies the majority criterion: if a majority of voters approve of A, but a majority do not approve of any other candidate, then A will have an average approval above 50%, while all other candidates will have an average approval below 50%, and A will be elected.
The majority favorite criterion is a voting system criterion that says that, if a candidate would win more than half the vote in a first-preference plurality election, that candidate should win. Equivalently, if only one candidate is ranked first by a over 50% of voters, that candidate must win.
Let L be a subset of candidates. A solid coalition in support of L is a group of voters who strictly prefer all members of L to all candidates outside of L. In other words, each member of the solid coalition ranks their least-favorite member of L higher than their favorite member outside L. Note that the members of the solid coalition may rank the members of L differently.
The classic example of a positional voting electoral system is the Borda count. [1] Typically, for a single-winner election with N candidates, a first preference is worth N points, a second preference N – 1 points, a third preference N – 2 points and so on until the last (N th) preference that is worth just 1 point. So, for example, the ...
Dodgson's method is an electoral system based on a proposal by mathematician Charles Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll.The method searches for a majority-preferred winner; if no such winner is found, the method proceeds by finding the candidate who could be transformed into a Condorcet winner with the smallest number of ballot edits possible, where a ballot edit switches two neighboring ...