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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood and if left untreated it is the most common genetic cause of infant death. [ 6 ]
Some disorders, like ALS, can occur sporadically (85%) or can have a genetic cause (15%) with the same clinical symptoms and progression of disease. [6] UMNs are motor neurons that project from the cortex down to the brainstem or spinal cord. [18] LMNs originate in the anterior horns of the spinal cord and synapse on peripheral muscles. [18]
Autosomal recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy, responsible for 90-95% of cases and usually called simply spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) – a disorder associated with a genetic mutation on the SMN1 gene on chromosome 5q (locus 5q13), diagnosed predominantly in young children and in its most severe form being the most common genetic cause ...
Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2A (SMALED2A) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterised by muscle weakness predominantly in legs.The disorder is usually diagnosed shortly after birth; affected children have a delayed motor development, waddling gait, difficulties walking, sometimes develop spasticity.
Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME), sometimes called Jankovic–Rivera syndrome, is a very rare neurodegenerative disease whose symptoms include slowly progressive muscle loss (), predominantly affecting proximal muscles, combined with denervation and myoclonic seizures. [1]
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), popularly known as Kennedy's disease, is a rare, adult-onset, X-linked recessive lower motor neuron disease caused by trinucleotide CAG repeat expansions in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which results in both loss of AR function and toxic gain of function.
Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2B; Other names: Lower extremity-predominant spinal muscular atrophy type 2B, SMALED2B: Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2B is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Specialty: Neurology: Symptoms: Generalised severe hypotonia at birth: Usual onset: Infancy ...
Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy (cDSMA), also known as distal hereditary motor neuropathy (or neuronopathy) type VIII (dHMN8), is a hereditary medical condition characterized by muscle wasting (), particularly of distal muscles in legs and hands, and by early-onset contractures (permanent shortening of a muscle or joint) of the hip, knee, and ankle.
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